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Original Research
Substance use and duration of untreated psychosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Submitted: 22 May 2015 | Published: 20 May 2016
About the author(s)
Glen P. Davis, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, United StatesAndrew Tomita, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New York, NY, United States of America; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
Joy Noel Baumgartner, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
Sisanda Mtshemla, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Durban, South Africa
Siphumelele Nene, Health Economics and HIV/ AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Howard King, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Durban, South Africa
Ezra Susser, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New York, NY; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States of America
Jonathan K. Burns, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Durban, South Africa
Abstract
Background: Substance use and psychiatric disorders cause significant burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries. Co-morbid psychopathology and longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) can negatively affect treatment outcomes.
Objectives: The study assessed substance use amongst adults with severe mental illness receiving services at a regional psychiatric hospital in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). We describe the prevalence and correlates of lifetime substance use and examine the association between substance use and DUP.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey recruited adults diagnosed with severe mental illness and assessed lifetime and past 3-month substance use using the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between lifetime substance use (other than alcohol and tobacco) and DUP as measured by the World Health Organization Encounter Form.
Results: Amongst 87 participants, alcohol (81.6%), tobacco (75.6%) and cannabis (49.4%) were the most common substances reported for lifetime use. Risk of health-related problems (health, social, financial, legal and relationship) of cannabis use was associated with younger age, single marital status and lower education. Adjusted regression analyses indicated that use of amphetamines and methaqualone is associated with longer DUP.
Conclusions: Substance use is prevalent amongst psychiatric patients in KwaZulu-Natal and may contribute to longer DUP. Mental health services in this region should address co-morbid substance use and psychiatric disorders.
Keywords: Substance Use; Psychosis; KwaZulu-Natal
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